An evaluation of international legal regimes on cross-border water management: Evidence from the Niger River Basin
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Background of the Study:
The Niger River Basin spans several West African countries, making effective water management a transnational imperative. International legal regimes, such as treaties and conventions, have been developed to regulate water usage, promote sustainable development, and prevent conflicts over shared resources (Adeyemi, 2023). In this context, the study examines how these legal instruments function across borders, focusing on harmonization of policies, dispute resolution mechanisms, and equitable distribution of water resources. The Niger River Basin provides a unique case study due to its ecological diversity and socio-economic importance. Countries within the basin must navigate complex legal, environmental, and political challenges while balancing national interests with collective water management goals (Okafor, 2024). This research integrates legal analysis with empirical data from basin countries to evaluate the effectiveness of current regimes in managing water resources. It considers the role of international institutions, regional cooperation, and the influence of emerging environmental concerns such as climate change and population growth. By highlighting both successes and deficiencies in existing frameworks, the study aims to inform policy adjustments and enhance cross-border collaboration for sustainable water governance. The discussion draws on recent case studies, international legal precedents, and policy analyses to provide a comprehensive understanding of water law in the Niger River Basin (Chukwu, 2023).
Statement of the problem:
Despite the establishment of international legal regimes, cross-border water management in the Niger River Basin remains fraught with challenges. Inconsistent policy implementation, disputes over water allocation, and insufficient coordination among riparian states have undermined the effectiveness of these regimes (Balogun, 2024). Additionally, environmental degradation and climate variability further complicate water sharing and resource sustainability. This study seeks to identify the gaps in current legal frameworks and the practical challenges that hinder effective water governance, ultimately recommending strategies to strengthen transnational legal cooperation.
Objectives of the Study:
To evaluate the effectiveness of international legal regimes in managing water resources in the Niger River Basin.
To identify key challenges in cross-border water governance.
To propose recommendations for improving legal frameworks and cooperation among basin countries.
Research questions:
How effective are current international legal regimes in managing the Niger River Basin?
What challenges impede the equitable management of water resources?
How can transnational legal cooperation be enhanced to improve water governance?
Significance of the Study:
This study is significant as it addresses the critical issue of water management in a region vital to West Africa’s socio-economic stability. By evaluating legal frameworks and identifying challenges, the research provides actionable insights for policymakers and international organizations. The findings aim to foster more effective cross-border cooperation and sustainable resource management, thereby contributing to regional peace and development (Smith, 2024).
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
Limited to the topic only.
Definitions of terms
International Legal Regimes: Systems of treaties and conventions that govern relations between states.
Cross-Border Water Management: The coordinated management of shared water resources between countries.
Sustainable Development: Economic development that meets present needs without compromising future generations.
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